Fraser & Neave Holdings Bhd Annual Report 2019

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 9 06 Financial Statements 159 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED) (K) IMPAIRMENT (i) Financial assets Unless specifically disclosed below, the Group and the Company generally applied the following accounting policies retrospectively. Nevertheless, as permitted by MFRS 9, Financial Instruments , the Group and the Company elected not to restate the comparatives. Current financial year The Group and the Company recognise loss allowances for expected credit losses on financial assets measured at amortised cost. Expected credit losses are a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses. The Group and the Company measure loss allowances at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit loss, except for cash and bank balance for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition, which are measured at 12-month expected credit loss. Loss allowances for trade receivables are always measured at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit loss. When determining whether the credit risk of a financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition and when estimating expected credit loss, the Group and the Company consider reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue cost or effort. This includes both quantitative and qualitative information and analysis, based on the Group’s historical experience and informed credit assessment and including forward-looking information, where available. Lifetime expected credit losses are the expected credit losses that result from all possible default events over the expected life of the asset, while 12-month expected credit losses are the portion of expected credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the 12 months after the reporting date. The maximum period considered when estimating expected credit losses is the maximum contractual period over which the Group and the Company are exposed to credit risk. The Group and the Company estimate the expected credit losses on trade receivables using a provision matrix with reference to historical credit loss experience and adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the trade receivables and the economic environment. An impairment loss in respect of financial assets measured at amortised cost is recognised in profit or loss and the carrying amount of the asset is reduced through the use of an allowance account. At each reporting date, the Group and the Company assess whether financial assets carried at amortised cost are credit-impaired. A financial asset is credit impaired when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred. The gross carrying amount of a financial asset is written off (either partially or full) to the extent that there is no realistic prospect of recovery. This is generally the case when the Group or the Company determines that the debtor does not have assets or sources of income that could generate sufficient cash flows to repay the amounts subject to the write-off. However, financial assets that are written off could still be subject to enforcement activities in order to comply with the Group’s or the Company’s procedures for recovery amounts due. Previous financial year All financial assets (except for financial assets categorised as fair value through profit or loss, investments in subsidiaries and investments in associate and joint venture) were assessed at each reporting date whether there was any objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events having an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the asset. Losses expected as a result of future events, no matter how likely, were not recognised. For an investment in an equity instrument, a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value below its cost was an objective evidence of impairment. If any such objective evidence exists, then the impairment loss of the financial asset was estimated. An impairment loss in respect of loans and receivables was recognised in profit or loss and was measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. The carrying amount of the asset was reduced through the use of an allowance account.